Definition of Phenolphthalein

Phenolphthalein is an organic compound often used as a pH indicator. Phenolphthalein turns pink in pH greater than 8.3 and colorless in acidic solutions. The chemical formula for phenolphthalein is C20H14O4.

The Behavioral Finance Paradigm And Its Derived...

M11EFA BEHAVIOURAL FINANCE COURSEWORK Name: Thi Thanh Van Mai Student ID: 6026628 What contribution can behavioural finance make to the explanation of stock market bubbles and crashes? Table of Contents I. Introduction 3 II. The behavioral finance paradigm and its derived explanations of the investors’ beliefs 3 III. Behavioral Theories used in the finance markets 4 IV. Empirical Evidences in the stock markets 6 V. Conclusion 7 VI. References 8 I. Introduction There have been a number of models in the traditional finance paradigm which have the common assumption that the investors would act rationally and consider all sources of information in their marking or investing decisions. That would also lead to†¦show more content†¦In this trend, there are several models to support this view of these investors, including the Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT), Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) (Fama and French, 2004; Perold, 2004). They have been the main instruments that the rational expectation based theories have been deploying. However, this traditional paradigm has been analyzed by a number of researches that the information should not be considered to have a very important role in affecting investors (Miles and McCue, 1984), Titman and Warga (1986), Lusht (1988) and Liu and Mei (1992). II. The behavioral finance paradigm and its derived explanations of the investors’ beliefs This was also the driving dynamic for the behavioral finance paradigm, which has the origin from the above challenges that the traditional paradigm has had. From its viewpoint, the investments that are made used to be made irrationality. Besides, this paradigm also made attempts to explore into the investment market phenomena by proposing the two doctrines that the agents have been failed to update their beliefs correctly, and that there is the typical deviation from the ordinary process of making choices of investments of the investors (De Long, Shleifer, Summers and Waldmann, 1990; Froot and Obstfeld, 1991). In other words, from the viewpoint of the behavioral finance paradigm, these two are the main causes of the stock

Rise of Social Electronic Commerce †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Rise of Social Electronic Commerce. Answer: Introduction Social electronic commerce is new subset of electronic commerce and it is involved with social media and online media. This study focuses on mainly on the impact of the recent emergence of social electronic commerce and its impact on business profitability. In the first part of the study, the main objective of the research project will be described. In the following section, scholarly articles and papers will be reviewed in the literature review section. Literature gap will be highlighted in order to explore research questions. This study will also provide research methodology and highlight the process of data collection for research project. The objective of the project is to explore the emergence of social electronic commerce and its problems and opportunities on business. Objectives of the research project can be segregated: To explore the concept of emergence of social electronic commerce To highlight the problems and opportunities in social electronic commerce To recognise the impact of social electronic commerce on business profitability To recommend some possible strategies that a business can take in implementing social electronic commerce Project Scope The project covers the concept of social electronic commerce and its recent emergence in business premises. The scope of the study is broad as it discusses various ideas related to social electronic commerce. In recent time, businesses are taking the advantage of online market and social electronic commerce adds more marketing opportunity to reach maximum customers. Social electronic commerce can be described as expanding strategy of e-commerce. This concept was coined in the year 2005 by Yahoo in order to measure product interest of the customers. Social electronic commerce has its own set of characteristics and shopping through using online platforms always inspires others to recommend and purchase. As stated by Bharadwaj et al. (2013), social electronic commerce are of two types, first one is e-commerce site itself as this platform is managed by the owner of the company and other is social media sites and people can make comment about products by taking names. Some of the famous social electronic commerce platforms are Pinterest, Shoppe, Facebook and Soldsie. As opined by Baethge et al. (2016), it is one of the biggest challenges for the e-commerce sector to impact on the influence of purchasing experiences. People can buy the products through online platforms and they can face the technological glitch or they can face issue from e-wallet. Moreover, when the products get delivered, customers may find that the products do not match the expectation of them. These types of experiences make the customers dissatisfied and they provide negative comments on social media pages or in community pages. As pointed out by Spencer et al. (2014), if the e-commerce has social interaction pages, users may provide negative customer experience as they might face cumbersome and lengthy process of purchasing the products. In addition, customers read reviews of the products before making purchase and social interaction about those particular products can influence their minds. 40% of the customers leave the products and change their mind because of reviews gave on-e-commerce page in Australia (Alalwan et al. 2017). Customers switch the brand if the products have negative comments on review section and customers are no longer loyal to the brands. As highlighted by Castells (2015), organisations have been facing issues in making a perfect PR team who can adjust the brand reputation on social media pages as a single comment of the customer can go viral and harm the reputation of the brand. Benefits of social electronic commerce Customers in a global context are shifting mainly to the online platform in order to buy their products. E-commerce disrupted traditional business model and people like to make a purchase from e-commerce. However, from the perspectives of e-commerce organisations, social interaction on e-commerce makes the business more transparent. Customers can make their decisions perfectly and they can interact with other customers before and after purchasing. Customers service teams do not now need to provide answers, other users can provide the clarification of any customers before that (Celine 2012). E-commerce companies are now getting better exposure and brand awareness because of social interaction on social media pages. E-commerce businesses want to generate profitability from social electronic commerce through implementing this strategy. As suggested by Collins et al. (2014), e-commerce companies give extra discount or points in making review or comments of any products under the name of verified customers'. Moreover, the e-commerce companies make a connection to the customers through doing surveys and polls. Business organisations are taking the help of social media analytics that provides respond the customers accordingly. Social media analytics bring development in understanding the behaviour of users on social media platforms. Todays generation is smart and technology friendly. Before making any purchase, they check users ratings and comments about the products. Before making decision of purchase from an e-commerce, they also search the users experience about this. As opined by Sashi (2014), social electronic commerce helps to get advice from trusted individuals and if the customers are not satisfied with the e-commerce site or products, people may not make the purchase from this e-commerce. According to Edosomwan et al. (2016), social electronic commerce provides customers to compare the products and research about the products; this advantage can lead to purchasing of the products also. In previous time, scholars identified the emergence of social media and e-commerce; they provided the benefits and issue both of these. Amalgamating the idea of social interaction on e-commerce is new. Social electronic commerce have several opportunities as well as problems. The businesses which work on social media platform have opportunities of enhancing their sales volume, expanding the markets and of innovating their products and services as per the requirements of the customers. How does social electronic commerce can influence the customers decision making? What are the problems and opportunities of social electronic commerce? What could be some possible recommendations to business in implementing social electronic commerce? Research Design and Methodology In this project, the researcher will collect primary data. The researcher will gather qualitative data through conducting interviews. According to Mackey and Gass (2015), qualitative data is information about observation and quality that cannot be measured. The researcher will interviews 3 Australia based e-commerce managers through Skype. Moreover, the researcher will make 5 open-ended questions in order to ask e-commerce managers based on social electronic commerces challenges and opportunities. The sample size of qualitative research will be 3. The researcher will select non-probability sampling technique. According to Taylor et al. (2015), in non-probability sampling technique, samples are gathered in a method that does not provide all the persons in the population equal chances of being selected. In qualitative research, the researcher will conduct interviews and the researcher will take only credible information from the interviews. The researcher will take interviews to the trustworthy managers. In addition, transferability is the ability to which the results can apply to other settings also. The researcher will corroborate the research findings on the secondary sources also and the researcher will definitely recheck the data. In order to collect the quantitative data, the researcher will conduct a survey. According to Orkin (2014), quantitative data deal with numerical data that can be measured through quantitative and statistical analysis. The researcher will select 55 customers of e-commerce through social media pages who will be interested to answer survey questionnaire. The researcher will make 10 close-ended multiple type questions about social e-commerce and its impact on business profitability and preferences of the customers. The researcher will upload this set of questions on community page on social media network and ask the users to answers the questions. This survey data will be analysed with the help of quantitative data analysis and will be presented through tables and excel bar graph and pie-charts The researcher will select the sample of 55 Australian customers of e-commerce organisations. Sample size will be 55. The researcher will select simple random sampling technique. According to Smith (2015), a simple random sampling technique is a subset of the statistical population through which each individual of the population has equal opportunity of getting selected. The researcher will not be biased in analysing the quantitative data. In quantitative data, repeatability is the fact to become reliable as obtaining results can be repeated and it does not need reliability. The researcher will use focus group before making choice of sampling and in case the information would contradict with previous observation, the researcher will recheck the data and ensure conformability. Research Limitations The Researcher may face the issue of time constraint as being student it is difficult to continue a research. The budgetary limitation will be another issue for the researcher. Moreover, the researcher may face limitation in handling a large amount of data as a researcher will do both qualitative and quantitative research. The researcher would select the sample size of 55 in conducting a survey and only 3 for interview; this is quite a small sample. If the researcher would have got extra time, he would have chosen the large sample to get an unbiased judgement. Time Schedule Activities Week 2 Week 4 Week 6 Week 8 Week 10 Week 12 Selection of topic and research question ? Review the literature ? Identify the research methodology ? Collection of primary data ? Analysis of data ? Drawing conclusions and recommendations ? Table: Gantt chart (Source: Created by researcher) Conclusion The researcher anticipates that respondents of the survey and interviews will put their views about social interaction on e-commerce. Social electronic commerce can also create high-level competition for the businesses and the other problem can be inactive users on the internet. At last, the strategic actions are discussed which can be taken while adopting e-commerce on social platforms. The companies should create an appropriate strategy before entering into social e-commerce and should build excellent social analytics so that the company can run on the basis of needs and requirements of the customers. Reference List Alalwan, A A, Rana, N P, Dwivedi, Y K and Algharabat, R, 2017. Social Media in Marketing: A Review and Analysis of the Existing Literature.Telematics and Informatics. 1(2), pp.43-45 Baethge, C, Klier, J and Klier, M 2016, Social commercestate-of-the-art and future research directions,Electronic Markets,26(3), pp.269-290. Bharadwaj, A., El Sawy, O.A., Pavlou, P.A. and Venkatraman, N.V., 2013. Digital business strategy: toward a next generation of insights. International Journal of marketing. 9(1), pp.23-25 Castells, M., 2015.Networks of outrage and hope: Social movements in the Internet age. John Wiley Sons. Celine, A.R.C.A., 2012. Social Media Marketing benefits for businesses.Master of International Marketing. Clemence, A., Doise, W. and Lorenzi-Cioldi, F., 2014.The quantitative analysis of social representations. Abingdon: Routledge. Collin, P, Rahilly, K, Richardson, I and Third, A 2014, The benefits of social networking services. Edosomwan, S., Prakasan, S.K., Kouame, D., Watson, J. and Seymour, T., 2016. The history of social media and its impact on business.Journal of Applied Management and entrepreneurship,16(3), p.79. Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., 2015.Second language research: Methodology and design. Abingdon: Routledge. Orkin, K., 2014. Data Collection Methods. InEncyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research(pp. 1430-1432). Berlin: Springer Netherlands. Sashi, C.M., 2014. Customer engagement, buyer-seller relationships, and social media.Management decision,50(2), pp.253-272. Smith, J.A. ed., 2015.Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. London: Sage. Spencer, S., Harding, J., Sheahan, J. 2014.Social eCommerce: Increasing Sales and Extending Brand Reach. " O'Reilly Media, Inc.". Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., 2015.Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons.

recycle Essays - Water Conservation, Recycling, Energy Conversion

People need to recycle in the United Sates, where the population is inflated every year. The amount of space for landfills decreases every day. The need for recycling should not be asked, it should just be done out of habit. Everyone in America needs to recycle, to help the landfill problem, help the environment, and help produce new products from recycled goods. In America there is about two-hundred and eight tons of residential and commercial trash generated a year, 4.3 pounds per person a day (Prichard 1A). This is an overwhelming amount of trashed produced yearly. When people recycle this number can be drastically reduced. But many people do not practice and use recycling. Consumers and businesses should use the three R?s; recycle, reuse, and recharge (Prichard 1A). Consumers and businesses are producing more garbage than ever before. As a result, we are rapidly running out of landfill space. In 1979 America had close to 18,500 landfills, and by 1991 that number was nearly cut in half (Prichard 10A). Kentucky, Ohio, Minnesota, and Illinois will reach their maximum limit on landfills by the year 2005 (Prichard 10A). This whole garbage problem has forced us to try other options. Many of these options have been very unsuccessful. People have tried burning their garbage, which causes pollution to the environment. Some states even resorted to dropping their trash in the ocean, only to have the very same trash float ashore later. Dumping it on other states leads to feuding neighbors. Indiana passed a law to block imports of out-of-state trash, but a federal court ruled the law illegal (Prichard 10A). Instead of trying to find new ways to dump our trash, we need to find better ways to recycle it and save space in our landfills. In the 1970s there was a push to use recycled paper. A worker at a paper factory in Illinois states, ?Then the issue was saving a tree. But trees are replaced. We plant them, we cut them, we plant them again? (Pendleton). The worker also said, ?The problem now is the landfill situation, I think this one is going to stick? (Pendleton). By 1991 thirty-nine states and hundreds of local governments have passed laws or solutions requiring the purchase of recycled paper. According to Henry Miller, vice president of a paper mill said, ?By volume, thirty-eight percent of solid waste in a landfill is paper and cardboard? (Pendleton). That paper and cardboard, if recycled could have produced that much paper or other products and it would have cleared up thirty-eight percent of many landfills across America. One major way to get people involved with recycling is the environment perspective. Not only would the landfills be cut down the environment gains a lot by having people recycle. So what do the states do to keep the environment clean? They enact laws against litter and waste. One way is the state requiring the deposit on beer and soft-drink bottles and cans (Prichard 8A). In those states, millions of bottles and cans that once were left on beaches, tossed in rivers and parks or thrown along the highways are being taken back to stores instead for a refund. A twenty-year old student from Michigan said, ?Throwing away cans are like throwing away money to me? (Prichard 8A). These state laws must be working if people have this attitude towards recycling cans and bottles. States with deposit laws have found that providing consumers with an incentive to return bottles and cans is one of the simplest, least expensive ways to clean up litter and reduce trash going into costly landfills (Pric hard 8A). Researchers have found this way of reducing landfills and encouraging recycling very worthwhile. New York City passed a refund law, mainly due to all the liter and trash people throw in the city?s parks and streets. The amount of trash going into landfills from the city of New York City alone reduced by 550 tons per day (Prichard 8A). That is a lot of recycled cans and bottles that did not have to see the landfill. The same law was placed in Vermont and Connecticut. These two states also showed amazing results. The litter in Vermont was reduced by