Aphasia; an impairment of language function Essay Example

Aphasia; an impairment of language function Essay Example Aphasia; an impairment of language function Essay Aphasia; an impairment of language function Essay The ability to comprehend words processed non-auditory, suggests that the entrap semantic representation of words is intact, but the auditory lexicon input is detached from previous semantic knowledge. This results in a patients ability to process speech sounds, and reproduce them both orally and to dictation but have no comprehension of the words meaning. Laptop and Funnel (1981 ) argued this selective impairment to be of great theoretical significance because it indicates that there must be separate processes for written language and phonological encoding, otherwise written comprehension would be just as impaired as auditory comprehension, in all asses of aphasia. This essay will explore a case study of abstract word meaning deafness, firstly by describing how the case study was conducted and what pattern of results was found. The text will then evaluate whether the findings reliably imply a separate proves for phonological input and written abstract word processing through orthographic analysis, therefore providing evidence for Patterson Shells (1987) argument for auditory and visual processes in their lexical processing model. Finally this discussion will weigh the strength of the experiments findings and claimed implications, against issues of method, alternative implications and additional research to form a developed conclusion on how far abstract word meaning deafness can reliably illuminate functions of healthy language. Franklin S, Howard D, Patterson K (1994) ran extensive tests over a two year period on a patient that exhibited damaged auditory comprehension of abstract but not concrete words to test how the patients performance could reflect Patterson Shells 1987 processing model of lexical organization, by identifying a specific phonological semantic processing fault. The patient (DRY) suffered a stroke aged 54 causing a left middle coverall infract, Drys hearing and IQ was undamaged and was found to be normal. The patient underwent TV0 years speech therapy three times a week before the experimenters began a through 2 yearlong examination of Drys impairment. Franklin et el ran multiple tests aiming to establish the patients impairment at an auditory- semantic level. Key experiments tested auditory lexical decisions by getting ORB to match words with pictures. Analysis Of ORBs errors indicated whether e was making phonological errors (such as selecting a picture of an iron for the word lion,) or semantic errors (such as selecting a picture of a cat for the word lion. Further tests were conducted to test auditory, written, and speed( sound interpretation abilities of semantic proves through word repetition AR written dictation. The experimenters established DRY had an impaired auditory understanding of abstract words (such as love) but not concrete words, (e. G. Chair) with a full comprehension of all types of written words. The as shown in Drys ability to match abstract words with pictures, suggesting access to semantic lexical information was intact through the visual proves. However DRY made semantic errors when the same words were presented through auditory information. The lower the instability and more abstractness of the word resulted in more semantic errors. Furthermore the lack of phonological errors in correct auditory lexical decisions implies the impairment of comprehension is semantic rather that phonological. Word frequency and familiarity had no significant effect on correct phonological 01 mantic decisions. This pattern of impairment of auditory semantic comprehension and preserved phonological abilitys and written word comprehension matches the symptoms of pure word meaning deafness specified in the introduction. However the patient Was unable to write or repeat non-words indicating an impairment of the process of speech sound! Which would not be expected in a perfect case of abstract word meaning deafness as full phonological encoding should be completely intact with only) semantic comprehension impaired. That said the majority of these findings purport an abstract word meaning deafness diagnosis providing evidence FCC a word meaning deficit. This condition establishes an argument for separate; auditory and written systems within models of language, thus supporting Patterson Shells 1987 processing model of lexical information. This model defines the process of auditory comprehension of words in a three part system. There is an initial auditory analysis of speech sounds, which the provides access to correct word forms in auditory input, allowing aces to word meaning within the cognitive system. The model identifies an process for written word comprehension begging in orthographic rather that auditory analysis. Franklin et al argues Drys pattern of impairment could BC explained in terms of damage to the second stage of auditory input, consequently denying access to word meaning through the auditory process ± but allowing access to the same words meaning through the preserved written word process. Conversely Drabs inability to reproduce non words could indicate an issue with the early phonological encoding that the experiments tests were too insensitive to find. This would suggest a potential overlap between phonological and semantic encoding, disproving Patterson et alls model. The experimenters counterbalance this argument bi suggesting that this impairment is a separate deficit resulting from the stroke which could be reasonably expected as stoke induced aphasia patients often suffer multiple language deficits. Caber, Tare A. -Z. K. Parsons, Fay Augusta Vides 2011) However although this suggestion could be consider viable HTH F-rankling et al accepts no empirical evidence can be offered to prove the explanation of the patients inability to process speech sound within the context of Patterson model, and consequently the theory requires further case studies of word meaning deafness to provide a reasonable argument fool word meaning deafness. Supporting evidence can be found in Hall and Riddances (1997) case study of an aphasia patient (K) with impaired auditor) comprehension with intact written comprehension mimics Drys pattern of symptoms and supports Franklins findings. Unlike DRY the patient was able to repeat and correctly write both real and non-words regardless of impression, demonstrating an isolated impairment of auditory semantic aces. These findings strengthen Freidmans argument for DRY having a separate language deficit which would account for his inability to reproduce non words. However due to the rare nature of word deafness research into this field is not large enough to be conclusive as external variables could be skewing the results. One potential issue in methodology is the assumption 0 full patient motivation when recording the results. DRY underwent extensive amounts Of language tests which would be hugely demanding on a covering aphasia patient. Most of the failed comprehension tests were responded to by dont know, stating he cant hear the word. But the experimenter acknowledges it is unlikely his comprehension is all or nothing. This contradiction between the experimenters expectation and the patients direct reports indicate that DRY s results may not completely reflect his abilitys as he could have lacked the motivation to try and access more difficult processing information. Nevertheless the study was incredibly thorough, a very detailed analysis of Drabs abilitys in over fifteen different sets in over two years is likely to accommodate for most i ssues of low motivation, as the pattern of abilitys was established across a great wealth ii texts. Furthermore this experiment was one of the first language studies not to only focus on the correct or incorrect answer but test how difficult DRY found responding by tests of word fluency in comparison with a healthy control group, thus proving a far more accurate representation of the patients impairment than previous research. As the study was began two years after the stroke occurred it would have been of interest to complete a allow up study 5-10 years later to review what impairments have been recovered.

When Is The Best Time To Publish A Blog Post

When Is The Best Time To Publish A Blog Post Heres the scenario. You have just written the best blog post your brand will ever publish. The one that you know has the potential to go viral on social media. The one that you know will drive a lot of qualified traffic to your website generating leads and ultimately sales. Youve optimized it for search, checked it twice for grammatical errors, and youre ready to schedule it to go live. Then you stop. Why? Because its at this point, you ask yourself the ultimate question- when. When is the best time to publish an amazing blog post? What day of the week? What time? What timezone? Fortunately, you dont have to guess. In this blog post, were going to look at  four studies that analyze the best time to publish blog posts for specific results (plus two original studies of our own). Here Are 6 Studies That Prove The Best Time To Publish A Blog Post via @Get Your Free Blog Post Scheduling Template Kit This post will give you the information you need to plan an effective blog schedule. But, what about actually executing it? Thats where these free blogging templates come in. Download this kit and youll get: Annual Content Marketing Calendar: Schedule blog posts and set deadlines ahead of time with this Excel template. Blog Schedule Template: Not sure how often you should publish? Use this guide to map out a basic schedule. Best Times to Publish Blog Posts Template: Follow this guide to schedule every post at the best time for your blog. Your WordPress Blog + the Editorial Calendar = Success When you're ready to move on templates, it's time to get the industry's best-selling marketing calendar. With 's WordPress and social network integrations, you can: Schedule every blog post and social message on one editorial calendar using our web app or WordPress plugin. Collaborate with your content marketing team using Discussion Updates. Make project management easy and work more efficiently with Task Templates. Plus, with social scheduling tools like Best Time Scheduling and ReQueue, you can set and forget all your social promotion. Sign up for a free 14-day trial  and or request a demo and take your company's blogging workflow to the next level. Schedule every blog post at the best time with this guide + @.Study #1:  The Best Time To Publish For Traffic, Comments, Links In this study from KISSmetrics, Dan Zarrella, Search Engine Land, and HubSpot, we can learn a lot about blog publishing times. Goals for your blog post should be taken into account when determining optimal publishing time. Want the most traffic? The best publishing day is Monday and time is 11 am EST. Want the most comments? The best publishing day is Saturday and time is 9 am EST. Want the most inbound links? The best publishing days are Monday and Thursday, and time is 7 am EST. Of course, there are pros and cons to publishing at the height of popular times in the day. Sure, you'll get lots of visitors, comments, and engagement. But at the same time, you'll get higher bounce rates and end up being buried in social newsfeeds along with all the other publishers taking advantage of popular posting times. For the  most traffic, publish blog posts on  Monday at  11am EST  || The Best Time To...Study #2: The Best Time For Maximizing Social Reach Do your content goals include social shares? If so, then TrackMaven's study gives you the insights you need. What they found was that posts published during non-popular hours tended to get the most social engagement and shares. Posts published on Saturdays and Sundays received the most social shares, as do posts published between 9pm–midnight EST. The higher the social shares on a post published during non-peak times,  supports the KISSmetrics study that posts published during peak times are buried in social media newsfeeds. One can assume that during non-peak times, people take more time to read the content that comes through their newsfeed. Then they'd go on to share it with their audiences. To get more shares, publish during non-popular hours.   || The Best Time To Publish  @Study #3: The Best Time For Increasing Social Shares and Pageviews However, not all studies come to the same conclusion. This study, shared by Social Fresh using data from Shareaholic, found that social shares are highest for posts published on Thursdays and between the hours of 9–10am EST. The story is a little different when pageviews are concerned. If you want more pageviews, then you will need to publish on Mondays and between the hours of 9–10am EST. The pageviews drop off dramatically for posts published after 12pm EST. Optimize pageviews by publishing on Mondays between 9–10am EST.   || The Best Time To...Study #4: The Best Time To Publish For  Going  Viral Noah Kagan did a study using data from BuzzSumo of 100 million pieces of content to determine what makes content go viral. He found that blog posts published on Tuesday gained the largest total shares. The only exception is LinkedIn and Pinterest shares, which people were more likely to do on Mondays. Of course, publish date and time alone were not enough to make posts wildly successful. He also attributed viral probability on length (long form is best), images, amusement, post types (lists win), the trust factor, and a share from an influencer. NoahKagan found that blog posts published on Tuesday  get more  shares || The Best Time To...Conduct Your Own Research With Original Studies Data We've now covered four different studies from expert sources. However, while these findings  should help you make the best  decisions about when to publish, it's possible your own experience may vary. That could be because of the difference in interests or habits of your target audience, your goals, or other circumstances unique to your situation. Studies may reveal what's broadly true in most cases, only you can know what will work best for your content. Here at , everything we do is driven by data. It's what empowers us to understand  what, when, how, and why  any decision on content should be made. You can do the same thing for your own blog. Unsure what to do with your #marketing? Let data drive decisions.One way to help discover the most optimal approach for your own content is to study your own data. Create Your Own Study To  Find The Best Time For Your Blog All the studies in this post provide the best suggestions on what works in terms of publishing days and times versus the goals you want to reach with your content (shares, links, comments, and traffic). Furthermore, if you're working with a limited amount of time (which is a common concern for many of our readers), then you probably want to know how you can study your own content quickly and derive some useful insights. Ultimately, it will be up to you to determine what day of the week and time of day will increase the specific goals you have set for your content. To run a test on your own website for pageview and visit goals, you can import custom Google Analytics reports for pageviews and visits  (and if you're not using Google Analytics, now is the time to start). These reports will tell you when you are getting the most pageviews and visits now, and then show you how that traffic changes as you publish new posts on different days and at different times. Then, you'll know which times work best, and which times don't. Compare that to what studies say is best, do some experimenting, and observe the results. From there, just do more of what works best for you. It's easy to overthink these things sometimes, but thankfully, it really can be that simple. The time is in military format, and the days of the week are numerical starting with 0 for Sunday. Use #GoogleAnalytics to find your  best time to #publish a #blog post  Ã‚  || The Best Time To...To illustrate how to put your findings to use (working with our own blog without too much effort and for demonstration purposes), we looked at eight posts published over the course of December 2013 and January 2014. Back then, our blog was fairly new, and we were working to establish what would work best for us. Here are the publish times and day-one pageviews we observed: See the 162 day-one pageviews that came from publishing early in the morning? That's dramatically better than posting at any other time, and we're able to demonstrate that fact using relatively little data (and without spending too much time). That’s why you can expect new posts from our team early in the morning. And all these years later, that's the schedule we've stuck to (with a lot of success). That’s not a decision guided solely by  what the industry at large considers to be the best days and times, but because it’s what we’ve seen deliver best results. If something else works better for you, go with that, but starting with this simple approach can help get you there. Ultimately, the strongest content  reaches its audience. Strong #content will find a way to reach its audience. #amwriting #bloggingOnce you’re comfortable with crunching the numbers and analyzing your content in this way, you can work on ways to go more in-depth with your own research. Use studies from thought leaders (whether that’s us or anyone else) as a starting point, compare those findings with your own results, and continue refining your own best times to publish blog posts until you find out what works best for you. You might even turn up some new insights that help add to the industry’s understanding of best practices for blog post publishing times. That’s the power of doing original research. Use Your Own Data To Find  The Best Time To Publish A Blog Post For Lead Conversions There's one glaring thing missing from all of the above- how to maximize  conversions. In the end,  that's really your goal, right? So, what day of the week and time of the day will lead to the most conversions? The answer to the preceding question depends on your ideal customers: Are they local customers who would be most likely to make purchases during the workday? Are they worldwide customers who would be most likely to sign up for your newsletter during their leisure time? Knowing your ideal customer and when they would be most likely to make a conversion can help you determine when to publish blog content with conversion goals in mind. Start by determining which times of day you're getting the most conversions right now. To do this, you can try out this custom Google Analytics report to see conversions by hour of the day and day of the week Use Google Analytics to find the best time to publish for your own blog. Similar to the custom report for pageviews and visits, the time is in military format, and the days of the week are numerical starting with 0 for Sunday.

No cellphones in class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

No cellphones in class - Essay Example All schools have given teachers to own and use cell phones to school. However, students owning such gadgets in school are still a contentious issue faced with mixed reactions. The first advantage of students carrying their cell phones to school is for security and safety measure. The students can react to emergencies faster and efficiently by contacting relevant rescue teams. In addition, mobile phones that are internet enabled are essential to students when seeking information related to academic contents. Cell phones, therefore, are a good technology to incorporate in the learning because they enhance research and education. Cell phones are also advantageous to learners in the classroom because they find an opportunity to interact with friends, families and other acquaintances through platforms that promote information sharing (Brady 45). That can be useful only when students use phones outside the classroom context. In addition, cell phones also have both print and non-print media that are useful in enhancing learning. Particularly those that have videos and cameras are essential when learning requires realia and images. Such gadgets, therefore, enhance learning. Mobile phones are distracters during learning sessions. Most students participate in anti-learning activities with their cell phones during the learning process. Some students misuse their cell phones by watching censored materials and videos from the internet. Others students send instant texts, listen to music and illegal videos that draw attention from learning activities. Cell phones that have calculators installed make students lazy because they tend to use such machines to solve even simpler mathematical problems. Consequently, learners become dependent by using machines to solve most of their problems. Although the gadgets were regarded as a luxury possessed by adults, it is presently in the hands of school-going children.